Inorganic non-metallic materials and metal materials and organic polymer materials

1. Introduction
Usually it refers to as the main inorganic glass, ceramics, graphite, rock as well as organic as the main wood, plastic, rubber and other similar materials. Composed by a crystalline or amorphous. No metallic luster. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity (except carbon). The poor mechanical properties of metallic materials in general
(Except glass and steel), but some non-metallic materials can replace metal materials, chemical industry indispensable material.
Inorganic non-metallic materials and metal materials and organic polymer materials, is a complete modern material system is an important component.
2. Classification
Non-metallic materials and inorganic materials can be divided into two major categories of organic material. In mechanical engineering, there are many varieties of the more commonly used.
① belong refractory inorganic materials, ceramics, abrasives, carbon and graphite materials, such as asbestos;
② belong to organic materials include wood, leather, adhesives and polymer composite materials ── synthetic rubber, synthetic resin, synthetic fiber;
③ non-metallic fiber-reinforced composite material composed of a resin base.
3. the inorganic material
Inorganic non-metallic materials and metal materials and organic polymer materials, is an important part of contemporary full material System
Minute. Certain elements of an oxide, carbide, nitride, boride, sulfur-based compounds (including sulfides, selenides and tellurides) and silicates, titanates, aluminates, phosphates oxyacid salt inorganic material mainly composed of Pan said. Including ceramics, glass, cement, refractories, ceramics, abrasives and new inorganic materials. Wherein the ceramic word, and ceramics with a similar inorganic material emerging, its extension of the concept is also expanding. In the broadest sense and meaning of ceramic concept almost identical inorganic non-metallic materials.
Production Process Classification
Into ceramics, glass, cement, refractories, ceramics, carbon materials and other categories, while new materials according to their production processes, use and development, and gradually form a number of new classes of materials, such as inorganic composite materials, inorganic porous material . Some species are incorporated by customary traditional categories, such as: ferroelectric, piezoelectric ceramics are incorporated; crystallite glass, fiber optics and other incorporated into the glass.
The main component of classification
Some also in accordance with the main component material classification, silicates, aluminates, titanates, phosphates, oxides, nitrides, carbides materials; according to the material of zoning, there are daily, construction , chemicals, electronics, aerospace, communications, biotechnology, medical materials.
Material properties Classification
Depending on the material properties of points, there are gelling, fire-resistant, heat insulation, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation, corrosion resistance, semiconductor materials; physical state of the material according to points, there are crystal (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, microcrystalline), non- Crystal and composite materials, but also from the appearance of the sub-form material, there are massive, porous, fibers, whiskers, thin film materials.
4. Features
High strength, hardness, high temperature and corrosion resistance. In addition, the cement in the cementitious properties, the optical properties of glass, ceramics on the corrosion resistance, dielectric properties, heat-resistant refractory material in the insulation performance has its excellent characteristics, metal materials and polymer materials less . However, compared with the metal material, breaking it low intensity, the lack of ductility, are brittle materials. Compared with polymer materials, high density, the manufacturing process is more complex. Special Features inorganic non-metallic materials are:
① different features, such as: high temperature anti-oxidation characteristics such as high temperature oxide; alumina, beryllium oxide ceramic high-frequency insulation characteristics; ferrite magnetic properties; a light transmission properties of the optical fiber; diamond, cubic boron nitride The TodayHot} superhard properties; conductive properties conductive material; fast hard early strength cement rapid coagulation, rapid-hardening properties and the like.
② various physical effects and microscopic phenomena, such as: light-sensitive material – electrical, thermal material heat – electricity, power piezoelectric material – electricity, gas sensing materials – the electricity, humidity of materials humidity – electricity and other material for functional physical and chemical parameters of the conversion characteristics between.
③ different nature of the composite material is constituted by a composite material, such as: metal ceramics, high temperature inorganic coatings and inorganic fibers, SiC whiskers, etc. reinforced material.