October 2015 – Silver Nanoparticles Antimicrobial,Copper Oxide Nanoparticles,Gold Nanopowder

October 29, 2015

Antimicrobial Features of Nano Silver

Nanometer (nm) is the second smallest micron unit of measurement, a nanometer is a millionth millimeter, namely nanometer, which is one billionth of a meter. Nano-silver, nano-technology is the use of cutting-edge nano silver, nano technology appears, the silver in the nano state sterilization ability to produce a qualitative leap, little nano silver may have a strong bactericidal effect, can kill in minutes Death 650 kinds of bacteria, broad-spectrum bactericidal without any resistance, can promote wound healing, cell growth and repair of damaged cells without any toxicity, skin irritation also did not find any, which gives wide Application to antibacterial nano silver has opened up broad prospects, is the latest generation of natural antibacterial agent, nano-silver sterilization has the following characteristics:
Broad-spectrum antibiotic

Silver nanoparticles directly into the cell and oxygen metabolizing enzymes (-SH) combine to make a unique cell suffocated mechanism of action, can kill most bacteria in contact with, fungi, mold spores and other microorganisms. After eight domestic authorities found: their drug-resistant pathogens, such as E. coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus, resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes resistant enterococci, anaerobic bacteria, which are full of antibacterial activity; surface burns and trauma of common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and other G +, G- pathogens have a bactericidal effect; Chlamydia trachomatis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae also has a strong bactericidal effect.

An antibiotic can kill about six kinds of pathogens, and antibacterial coating nano silver can kill hundreds of pathogenic microorganisms. Kill bacteria, fungi, trichomonas, branch / chlamydia, gonorrhea, strong bactericidal effect of antibiotic resistant bacteria have the same role in the killing!
Potent bactericidal

It found, Ag 650 kinds of bacteria can kill within minutes. Nano silver particles and pathogens in the cell wall / membrane-bound, directly into the cell and quickly combine with oxygen metabolizing enzyme sulfhydryl (-SH), inactivating the enzyme, blocking the respiratory metabolism to suffocate it. Unique sterilization mechanism, making silver nanoparticles at low concentrations can rapidly kill pathogens.
Permeable

Silver nanoparticles with superior permeability, can rapidly penetrate the subcutaneous 2mm sterilization, for common bacteria, stubborn bacteria, resistant bacteria as well as the deeper tissue infections caused by fungi have a good bactericidal effect.
Repair and regeneration

Nano-silver can promote wound healing, promoting repair and regeneration of damaged cells, to rot myogenic, anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory improve microcirculation trauma to surrounding tissue, effectively activate and promote the growth of tissue cells, accelerate wound healing and reduce scarring generated.

Antibacterial lasting

Silver nanoparticles utilizing patented technology, outer layer of protective film can be gradually released in the human body, so the antibacterial effect.
No drug resistance

Nano-silver is a non-antibiotic agents: nano-silver can kill a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, stronger than antibiotics, antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles unique 10nm size can quickly kill bacteria directly to the loss of reproductive capacity, and therefore, can not produce the next generation of drug resistance, and can effectively avoid drug resistance and cause recurrent permanently.

Silver applications in modern medicine

In 1884, the German obstetrician F. Crede (Claude), the concentration of 1% silver nitrate solution was dropped in the eyes of newborns to prevent blindness caused by neonatal conjunctivitis, the incidence of infant blindness dropped from 10% 0.2 percent, until today, many countries still using Crede prophylaxis.

In 1893, C. Von Nageli (Nag column) through a systematic study, first reported in the metal (especially silver) bacteria and other lower organisms lethal effect, so there may be a silver disinfectant. Since then, the use of silver into the modern era.

Silver in various forms used in modern medicine, comprising:

(1)silver: 0.5% silver nitrate standard solution for treating burns and wounds; 10-20% silver nitrate solution applied, it can be used for the treatment of cervical erosion.

(2)Silver sulfadiazine: Columbia University Charles L. Fox (Fox) professor and sulfadiazine silver compound, silver sulfadiazine produced its activity than the individual sulfa strong activity at least 50 times. 1968, silver sulfadiazine (Sulfadiazine Silver) introduced to the market, because of its variety of bacteria, fungi and efficient role in the killing has, naturally, painless way to completely repair the wound site without skin grafting, has become the treatment of trauma ( such as burns) important drugs. It has now been included in the national basic medical insurance drug list.

(3)colloidal silver or silver protein: an effective topical anti-infective substances, colloidal silver can be used for gynecological sterilization.

(4) silver plated materials: silver, founder of the research, AB Flick (Fleck), Dr. Silver has developed a product that is coated with a layer of silver on a bandage, used as a dressing. Inspired by him, people use silver antimicrobial resistance, have developed a silver-plated sutures, silver catheter. Currently the United States has a dozen silver-containing products, listed as a medical device to obtain FDA approval, including silver dressings, silver gelatin, silver powder and other types of medical products.

October 23, 2015

History of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

1985 British scientist spectrum professor at the University of Sussex American Kroto and Smalley and Curl at Rice University professor in two collaborative research, we found a high degree of symmetry of the carbon element may be formed by a cage-like 60 or 70 carbon atoms in the C60 and C70 molecular structure, known as buckyballs (Buckyballs).

In 1991, Japanese scientists Iijima at NEC preparing cathode scarring C60 for the first time by high resolution tunneling electron microscopy revealed an outer diameter of 515nm, an inner diameter of 213nm, stacked by only two coaxial cylindrical surface made of graphite-like carbon nanotubes. Then in 1993, Iijima and Bethune research group also reported the structure is very simple synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, which is theoretically predicted properties of carbon nanotubes offer the possibility of experiments on carbon clusters to further broaden the scope of the material, also greatly contributed to the theoretical and experimental study of carbon nanotubes so that the field is now becoming a hot global research. Carbon nanotubes are following the discovery of C60 carbon allotropes with another, smaller radial dimension, the tube diameter is generally a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers, smaller diameter of the tube, some only about 1nm; and Its length is generally in the micron level, length and diameter ratio is very large, up to 103 to 106. Thus, carbon nanotubes are considered to be a typical one-dimensional nanomaterials. Since carbon nanotubes were found to mankind, has been hailed as the future of the material, it is one of the frontiers of international science in recent years. Professor Alex Zettl Berkeley University of California think, on prospects for C60 and carbon nanotubes to conduct a comprehensive comparison, C60 can be summarized with a sheet of paper, and carbon nanotubes need to complete a book.

The unique structure of multi walled carbon nanotubes determines that it has many special physical and chemical properties. Composed of carbon nanotubes C = C covalent bond is nature’s most stable chemical bond, it makes the carbon nanotube has a very excellent mechanical properties. Theoretical calculations show that carbon nanotubes have high strength and great toughness. Its theoretical value estimate Young’s modulus up 5TPa, strength is about 100 times stronger than steel, but weight density is only 1/6 of steel. Treacy and so for the first time use of the TEM measurements of the temperature within the range from room temperature to 800 degrees change MWCNTs mean square amplitude, to derive the average Young’s modulus is about multi-walled carbon nanotubes 1.8Tpa. The Salvetat and other measurements of Young’s modulus of single-walled small-diameter carbon nanotubes, and export its shear modulus 1Tpa. Wong et AFM measured bending strength multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an average of 14.2 ± 10.8GPa, and bending strength of the carbon fibers but only 1GPa. Whether it is the strength or toughness of carbon nanotubes, they are far superior to any fiber, is considered the future of the “super fiber.” It predicted that carbon nanotubes could become a new kind of high-strength carbon fiber material, both inherent nature of the carbon material, and a conductive metallic material and thermal conductivity, heat and corrosion resistance of ceramic materials, textile fibers can be woven , as well as lightweight polymer materials, ease of processing. The carbon nanotubes as composite reinforcement, is expected to show good strength, elasticity, fatigue resistance and isotropic carbon nanotube-reinforced composites can be expected to bring composites may leap. Research produced by nanotube composite material is first carried out on a metal base, such as: Fe / carbon nanotube, Al / carbon nanotube, Ni / carbon nanotube, Cu / carbon nanotube. In recent years, the focus has shifted to the carbon nanotube polymer composites / carbon nanotube composite material aspects, such as high-strength lightweight materials, the use of carbon fiber as a reinforcing material, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and small diameter and a large aspect ratio will bring better enhancement.

October 16, 2015

Application Status of Nano Nickel Oxide

1、catalyst
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles is a better catalytic oxidation catalyst, Ni2 + has a 3d orbital, has a tendency to multi-electron oxygen adsorbed preferentially on the other reducing gases have the effect of activating and reducing gas O2 plays a catalytic decomposition of organic matter synthesis, conversion processes, such as gasoline hydrocracking, petrochemical processing hydrocarbon conversion, heavy oil hydrogenation process, NiO is a good catalyst. In the catalytic combustion of natural gas, in order to avoid the reaction temperature is too high in the air oxidation of N2 NOx, and unburned CO produced entirely using NiO / CuO-Zr02 composite catalyst to improve its high temperature stability. In the process of the preparation of carbon nanotubes, used in the NiO / Si02 composite catalyst and higher Ni content, high yielding synthesis of carbon nanotubes, the diameter distribution is narrow, and NiO content and shape directly affects the carbon nano Yield and Characters tube. In wastewater treatment, NiO is remove CH4, cyanide, N2, prompting NOx decomposition catalyst. NiO as Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red catalyst, in the treatment of organic wastewater, the effect is very significant.

2、glass ceramic additives and colorings
Ceramics by NiO to increase its impact, when added to NiO (O.02 (wt)%), can also improve the electrical properties of materials, such as piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties. Plus NiO in the glass is mainly controlled color glass can absorb ultraviolet in brown coloration stable on transparent glass containing a small amount of NiO. Transparent glass mirrors and decorative glass, are added the right amount of NiO as a coloring agent.

3、Battery Electrode
With the continuous development of communication and information technology, the capacitor has also been an unprecedented development. Because ultracapacitors now has a much higher energy density than electrostatic capacitors and much higher power density than traditional chemical power becomes a hotspot. According to the research showed that ruthenium oxide is the most studied, the best performance of an electrochemical capacitor electrode material, but because it’s very expensive hindered its large-scale application. Activated carbon resistance and larger features make it sights on transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxide because of its own quasi-capacitance phenomenon as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Currently, the use of Ni, Mn, Co and other oxides of resistance is small, inexpensive, and is larger than the capacity and other characteristics, battery electrode materials made of concern. Molten carbonate fuel cell using NiO as the cathode, with gas or natural gas as fuel, is a power generation efficiency than conventional thermal power of clean energy. And nano-NiO battery Compared with ordinary NiO battery has obvious advantages discharge, the discharge capacity significantly increased, electrochemical performance is improved.

4、Sensor
NiO is more and more attention in recent years, gas sensor material. At present, made into nano NiO formaldehyde sensor, CO sensor, H2 sensors used in actual production.