1. Introduction
Usually it refers to as the main inorganic glass, ceramics, graphite, rock as well as organic as the main wood, plastic, rubber and other similar materials. Composed by a crystalline or amorphous. No metallic luster. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity (except carbon). The poor mechanical properties of metallic materials in general
(Except glass and steel), but some non-metallic materials can replace metal materials, chemical industry indispensable material.
Inorganic non-metallic materials and metal materials and organic polymer materials, is a complete modern material system is an important component.
2. Classification
Non-metallic materials and inorganic materials can be divided into two major categories of organic material. In mechanical engineering, there are many varieties of the more commonly used.
① belong refractory inorganic materials, ceramics, abrasives, carbon and graphite materials, such as asbestos;
② belong to organic materials include wood, leather, adhesives and polymer composite materials ── synthetic rubber, synthetic resin, synthetic fiber;
③ non-metallic fiber-reinforced composite material composed of a resin base.
3. the inorganic material
Inorganic non-metallic materials and metal materials and organic polymer materials, is an important part of contemporary full material System
Minute. Certain elements of an oxide, carbide, nitride, boride, sulfur-based compounds (including sulfides, selenides and tellurides) and silicates, titanates, aluminates, phosphates oxyacid salt inorganic material mainly composed of Pan said. Including ceramics, glass, cement, refractories, ceramics, abrasives and new inorganic materials. Wherein the ceramic word, and ceramics with a similar inorganic material emerging, its extension of the concept is also expanding. In the broadest sense and meaning of ceramic concept almost identical inorganic non-metallic materials.
Production Process Classification
Into ceramics, glass, cement, refractories, ceramics, carbon materials and other categories, while new materials according to their production processes, use and development, and gradually form a number of new classes of materials, such as inorganic composite materials, inorganic porous material . Some species are incorporated by customary traditional categories, such as: ferroelectric, piezoelectric ceramics are incorporated; crystallite glass, fiber optics and other incorporated into the glass.
The main component of classification
Some also in accordance with the main component material classification, silicates, aluminates, titanates, phosphates, oxides, nitrides, carbides materials; according to the material of zoning, there are daily, construction , chemicals, electronics, aerospace, communications, biotechnology, medical materials.
Material properties Classification
Depending on the material properties of points, there are gelling, fire-resistant, heat insulation, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation, corrosion resistance, semiconductor materials; physical state of the material according to points, there are crystal (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, microcrystalline), non- Crystal and composite materials, but also from the appearance of the sub-form material, there are massive, porous, fibers, whiskers, thin film materials.
4. Features
High strength, hardness, high temperature and corrosion resistance. In addition, the cement in the cementitious properties, the optical properties of glass, ceramics on the corrosion resistance, dielectric properties, heat-resistant refractory material in the insulation performance has its excellent characteristics, metal materials and polymer materials less . However, compared with the metal material, breaking it low intensity, the lack of ductility, are brittle materials. Compared with polymer materials, high density, the manufacturing process is more complex. Special Features inorganic non-metallic materials are:
① different features, such as: high temperature anti-oxidation characteristics such as high temperature oxide; alumina, beryllium oxide ceramic high-frequency insulation characteristics; ferrite magnetic properties; a light transmission properties of the optical fiber; diamond, cubic boron nitride The TodayHot} superhard properties; conductive properties conductive material; fast hard early strength cement rapid coagulation, rapid-hardening properties and the like.
② various physical effects and microscopic phenomena, such as: light-sensitive material – electrical, thermal material heat – electricity, power piezoelectric material – electricity, gas sensing materials – the electricity, humidity of materials humidity – electricity and other material for functional physical and chemical parameters of the conversion characteristics between.
③ different nature of the composite material is constituted by a composite material, such as: metal ceramics, high temperature inorganic coatings and inorganic fibers, SiC whiskers, etc. reinforced material.
Nano 3D Printing Metal Powder, Nano Stainless Steel 316l for 3D Printing
In the field of metal 3D printing, the most widely used is the SLS selective laser sintering technology, SLM selective laser melting technology, EBM electron beam melting technology, LENS near-net-type laser manufacturing technology … whether it is a metal powder is sintered together with the adhesive, or metal powder by hot source melt into liquid “weld” together, these technologies have their own strengths, to meet the various aspects of the finished part geometry and mechanical properties plus work requirements.
The liquid metal itself, a metal powder or solid form, except that the ultra-fine powder of metal nano-uniformly distributed in an “ink” manipulation its “floating” as “liquid”, and then through the high-speed 3D printing technology to print out at temperatures up to 300 degrees to 500 degrees in the high temperature environment, the very fine metal powders to produce another “glue” the situation at a high temperature, so that the printed products having a smooth surface.
HW NANO manufacturing ultrafine nano metal powder such as nano stainless steel 316l powder, nano-nickel powder, nano tungsten powder, nano-titanium alloy, etc. can be used for 3D printing,currently used nano scale stainless steel 316l powder printed effect very well.
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CNT reinforced matrix, multi-scale hybrid composites carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) has a very excellent strength and stiffness. The advantages of carbon nanotubes can be applied to an attractive prospect in the field of macro-engineering. However, numerous studies have found that since the CNT determines its size only as a non-continuous fibers in a matrix, and the effects of poor load transfer between the CNT and the substrate. Thus, a new way of CNT applications have been proposed, namely by the CNT, the traditional continuous fiber and matrix composition of multi-scale hybrid composites to effectively utilize CNT excellent mechanical properties. This material is known as CNT enhanced multi-scale matrix hybrid composites.
CNT reinforced matrix, multi-scale hybrid laminates made of composite materials, both excellent fiber dominated mechanical properties, but also good mechanical properties of the dominant matrix that is suitable for inter-layer load and shock load environments more frequent, such as aviation Spacecraft special environment in which the load; and the application of this composite material in some large holes in the laminate structure, help to improve the strength and fatigue life of the surrounding holes, thereby enhancing the structure and security of the connection. Therefore, the carbon fiber / CNT enhanced multi-scale hybrid composite matrix has become the new frontier in the field of materials research hot spot.
CNT reinforced matrix, multi-scale hybrid composites
Mixing CNT in the matrix can be increased difference in mechanical properties between the fracture toughness, stiffness and strength, balanced matrix continuous fiber reinforced matrix and reinforcing fibers. Improve the mechanical properties of the matrix control, making composite materials fracture toughness; interlaminar shear strength and mechanical properties perpendicular to the inner surface of the continuous fiber direction are greatly improved. However, due to the size of the characteristics of CNT, CNT reinforced so that the mechanical properties of the composite material far less than people expected better.
Many nature biocomposite also belongs to multiscale hybrid composites, such as animal bones, its composition contains a macro component, microscopic and nanoscopic components composition, elements of these different scales ingredients makes bones with high toughness and high stiffness. Inspired corresponding synthetic multiscale composites (with Nano reinforcing phase) have been proposed, there is a multi-scale component so that it has excellent physical and mechanical properties.
CNT properties:
Carbon nanotubes are significantly better than traditional materials in mamy aspect. Treacy and Wong et al found that single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes axial Young’s modulus of up 1TP or more (up to 4.15TPa), and a tensile strength of 100 ~ 200GPa. Yu et al study demonstrated nanotubes having good ductility, in up to 12 percent prior to tensile failure. Vigolo carbon nanotubes and other woven fibers, which have very good flexibility, fracture does not occur it a knot. Carbon nanotubes also have a strong current carrying capacity and thermal conductivity.
CNT matrix composites
The presence of CNT matrix composite material of carbon nanotubes increases the matrix micro crack propagation resistance, thanks to the bridging mechanism of carbon nanotubes. Gojny found that an epoxy resin with 0.5% by weight of amino-functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes can improve the fracture toughness of 43%. Yu et al epoxy joined the multi-walled carbon nanotubes 1% and 3% by weight, improves the fracture toughness of 29% and 62%; at 8.67MPa and stress amplitude 11.56MPa of 0.5% by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotube / epoxy composites bending fatigue life is 10.5 times the fatigue life of the epoxy resin and 9.3 times. Zhou and other studies of four kinds of weight content (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%), multi-walled carbon nanotubes to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites Epon862, the results showed that 0.4% multi-walled carbon nanotube composites Young’s modulus maximum strength and fracture toughness of the strongest 0.3%, indicating that it will not increase the mechanical properties and CNT content and continue to improve. Fiedler other studies confirmed amino-functionalized CNT to epoxy resins open fracture toughness (KIC) has significantly enhanced the effect of the epoxy resin, 0.3% by volume content of amino functional DWCNTs so open fracture toughness increased by 45%. Cadek and other studies show that multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites not only have good mechanical properties and good dispersion in the matrix. Zou and other studies of the epoxy-functionalized MWNTs reinforced epoxy composite, which can effectively improve the tensile strength and tensile modulus. Breton and other surrounding MWCNT reinforced epoxy composite mechanical properties a study and found that the weight content of CNT composites 6% less than the tensile strength of the tensile strength of the CNT content of 3%. However, the CNT load transfer between the substrate and the CNT Central African continuous fibers and the matrix effect is not good, CNT composites reinforced stretch, compress limited mechanical properties of stiffness and strength.
Silver Nanopowder and Silver Nanowires Application Guide
Silver Nanoparticle application guide:
Common stirring to disperse the silver nanopowder is very difficult. At least more than 30 minutes with an ultrasonic disperse. Using pvp coated or a fatty acid coated is just in order to improve the dispensability of the silver powder. Generally based on customer requirements have been handled well in advance, and then customer can be used directly. Unmodified silver nanopowder’s dispersion, generally need to add some non-toxic surfactants, such as washing fruits and vegetables detergent. Before to disperse pvp-coated silver nanopowder, it is suggested to wetted with ethanol and then add water to stir, without affecting the customer process, add a few drops detergent mixing, the effect is also very good.
Silver Nanowires application guide:
Generally we maintain silver nanowires inventory in powder form. We could also maintain dispersed in ethanol or IPA. Just depends on the customer required. Shipments in solvents may require additional lead time. We can provide silver nanowires in different concentration according to customer request. The solvent include ethanol, isopropanol, diethylene glycol, water, terpineol and so on. And silver nanowires is very stable, not easy to be oxidized, could use it under the room temperature. But after open it, please sealed it up at soon as possible so that will not affect the powder quality when exposed to the air in long time.
Nano materials, nano iron, nano cobalt, nano aluminum,nano silver powder and other materials application
A nanometer is a unit of length, 1 nanometer is one hundred thousand of one meter, the equivalent of only 50 nanometers thousandth of a human hair. Scientific experiments confirmed that when the normal material is processed to the nanometer scale, there will be specific physical and chemical properties, its magnetic, optical, electrical, acoustic, thermal, mechanical and chemical characteristics will startling change. As originally conductive copper at a certain limit will not conductive nano; originally began conducting insulating nano silicon dioxide at a certain limit; all have become nano metal powder can absorb light of black powder. The emergence of nanomaterials greatly expand the scientific imagination, with the continuous development of science and technology, nanotechnology will enter the lives of ordinary people, penetrate into clothing, food, field shelter, and so on. Experts predict that nanotechnology, information technology and biotechnology will be the three pillars of social and economic development in the 21st century.
Impact on various fields since the nano-metal materials since its birth impressive, largely because they tend to “stunt”, with excellent performance, and performance when complexed with other materials out of the unique properties, which are widely used in metallurgy , machinery, chemicals, light industry, electronics, defense, nuclear technology, aerospace, etc., are briefly as follows:
1. catalyst material: conventional catalysts of iron, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, etc. made of nanoparticles can greatly improve the catalytic effect. With metal nanoparticles carrying increasingly sophisticated technology and improve the stability of nano-powder metal catalyst industry will be one of the important applications of nano metal powder industry.
2. the electromagnetic functional materials: nano-iron, cobalt powder can be applied to enhance the power and improve the sound quality speaker appliances and other fields. Such as nano-iron can be used as permanent magnetic materials, can greatly improve the performance of tape and large-capacity hard and soft disk.
3. Stealth absorbing materials: nano-metal powder as absorbing materials, with bandwidth, good compatibility, low mass, thin and so on. It plays an important role in the infrared-rays detector, the infrared sensor, a millimeter wave invisible infrared invisible and visible light and so on.
4. the metal nano-lubricant additives: metal nano lubricant additives product has the following characteristics: (1) superior anti-wear performance, extend equipment life 2-3 times, saving lubricating oil with about 40 percent, greatly reducing equipment maintenance, parts the number of replacement; (2) energy efficiency significantly increase the fuel efficiency of 10 to 32%, increase engine power by 20%; (3) reducing the temperature of parts during operation, reduce mechanical noise, reduce vehicle exhaust and smoke pollution, effectively prevent the equipment, outdated or overloaded vehicles cause trembling, burning oil and other phenomena; (4) a very excellent thermal stability, both in the hot summer temperatures make the minimum required to maintain machinery and equipment and running smoothly, but also in the cold winter quickly start the engine, running easily; (5) has excellent oil solubility, increase the variety of performance lubricants, extending oil seals, rubber, plastic mats deformation, aging, embrittlement of time.
5. anti, sterilization materials: nano silver Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other dozens of pathogenic micro-organisms have a strong inhibitory and killing effect. As a new anti-infective products, this nano-silver antimicrobial powder is different from all of the current anti-infective with broad-spectrum, a variety of performance without resistance, without pH impact. Nano nickel, silver fungus, anti-corrosion coatings can also be used in the protection of cultural relics.
6. efficient combustion: Adding nano-iron, nickel, aluminum powder to the solid fuel rocket propellant can greatly improve the combustion heat and combustion efficiency of the fuel and improve combustion stability. Studies have shown that the solid rocket fuel was added to the 0.5% nano-aluminum or nickel powder, can increase by 10% -25% combustion efficiency, combustion speed number of times.
7. electrostatic shielding materials: the addition of nano metal particles in chemical products can solve their static problems and improve safety. Join in plexiglass or other organic synthetic nano-metal powder materials, can achieve electrostatic shielding, may also improve light transmission. Nano is expected to have greater prospects for development of metal in household appliances, electronic shielding and other industries.
8, the medical material: from the current research point of view, medical imaging, drug delivery, cell staining, cell separation, disinfection and sterilization in the future have to use nano-metal.
Nano Silica Coating, Nano Titanium Dioxide Coating
Part of the bus use a transparent glass wall insulating glass coating, which is composed of nanoscale semiconductor material that allows interior cool. Such coatings and high-tech sound, that what constitutes nano-coating paint it? In general, the nano-coating must meet two conditions: First, the coating has at least one phase of the particle size range of 1-100 nanometers in diameter, and secondly, to make the presence of nano-coatings have significantly improved the performance or with new features.
Nano-silica coating: silica architectural coatings non-hierarchical, thixotropic, anti-sagging, good construction performance, and to a large extent improved the stain resistance, excellent self-cleaning properties and adhesion.Capable of forming a network structure of nano silica coating when dry, the coating can improve the degree of finish and aging vehicles, ships and vessels.
Nano-titanium dioxide coating: titanium dioxide paint architectural coatings can improve weatherproofing to a new level.The use of nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic oxidation technology made the atmosphere purification paint, air purification effect of NO is good, but can also degrade other atmospheric pollutants such as halogenated hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons .Nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic composite application process is simple and low cost.
Nano calcium titanate coating: calcium titanate is an excellent filler and a white filler, with cheap, abundant resources, good color, high-grade characteristics.Research shows that nano calcium carbonate-filled paint, its flexibility, hardness, leveling and gloss have a more substantial increase.
Silver nano-titanium dioxide coating:Titanium dioxide under ultraviolet light is weak antibacterial effect is weak, you can indicate precious metal deposition to be modified in order to improve the photocatalytic bactericidal activity, and has excellent bactericidal properties of silver itself, will combine the two, makes titanium dioxide antibacterial performance pole greatly improved.By thermal deposition on the surface of titanium dioxide load a certain amount of silver can improve the photocatalytic antibacterial properties of the particles
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Silver nanowires is considered as very promising candidates in flexible electronic
Silver nanowires has been attracting more and more attention because of their intriguing electrical, thermal, and optical properties.Silver has the highest electrical conductivity among all the metals, by virtue of which Ag NWs are considered as very promising candidates in flexible electronics. Ag NWs thin film used as transparent electrode showed equal merit or better than that as compared with sputter-coated ITO in solar cells.
Ag NWs suspension can be directly and uniformly coated onto PET at room temperature without and hydrophilic or hydrophobnic pre-treatment of PET or coating materials, and no surfactants are required. However, the solvents are found to be very important to the uniformity of films. We have dispersed Ag NWs in distilled water, surfactants aqueous, ethylene glycol, methanol, and isopropanol. After 1h sonication, all of these suspentions agglomerated in 5 h. On the other hand, Ag NWs show much better dispersibility, and are easier to re dispersion in methanol and isopropyl alcohol than in aqueous solution.
Using nail polish, NW thin film have not caught up with ITO yet, this proposed fabrication method is simple and easy to be scaled up for large films, which is one of the key issues for applying this technology to commercial applications.
Low temperature solution-deposited Ag NWs networks embedded in ITO-NP matrices demontrate significant improvement in surface morphology, mechanical adhesion, and flexibility while maintaining the sheet resistance and transmittance values necessary to replace conventional sputtered ITO thin films.
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Nanometer silver powder is added in the flake silver powder on the influence of conductive colloid volume resistivity
Nanometer silver powder is added in the flake silver powder on the influence of conductive colloid volume resistivity
1. With high density and high integration of the rapid development of the miniaturization of electronic components, miniaturization and the printed circuit board, conductive adhesives because the process is simple, easy operation, high line resolution and less environmental pollution and other advantages become Alternative tin solder, an ideal choice for conductive connection. Conductive paste made of conductive filler, gum base, diluents, tougheners and other additives, wherein the conductive filler of the volume resistivity of the conductive adhesive plays an important role.
2. In practice, a good contact with the conductive filler in order to form a conductive path, in order to achieve this, people try to add a flake, needle or fibrous conductive filler. However, under a transmission electron microscopy revealed: complete conductive gel particles and particle contact and a continuous linear conductive paths there are actually very few particles more than a small gap, this part of the particle is to “tunneling” to obtain a conductive a. Order by “tunneling” to get better conductivity, the distance between the particles must be less than 10 nm, we therefore had to add nano silver in silver flake ideas and research.
3. The results, at a 5% mix of nano silver powder, nanometer silver powder evenly dispersed between silver flake play a very good connection, and improve the conductivity of silver; and the addition of 10% nanometer silver powder mixed powder, many nano-silver reunited increase body resistance between silver.
4. Adding different content of nano-silver powder into flake silver made into conductive adhesive formulated after conducting were studied. Nano silver powder were added at 5% and 10% added to the silver flake, and made of different conductive plastic silver content measured volume resistivity. The results obtained by experimental comparison: 5% nano silver powder mixing ratio of 10% of the mixed powder dubbed nano-silver conductive paste low volume resistivity, good conductivity. The possible reasons are: flow through when approaching a threshold, silver flake still not well connected, adding a small amount of nano powders can help build a conductive network to reduce the volume resistivity; once form a connection, the nano silver particles will increase between the contact resistance.
5. Add different proportions of nano silver in silver flake will change the conductivity thus obtained conductive paste, nanometer silver powder is added generally increases the volume resistivity of the conductive adhesive. However, near the “cross-flow threshold”, the amount of nano-silver is added to form a conductive path; it can reduce the volume resistivity of the conductive adhesive. This study shows that when nano-silver increased amount of 5%, the volume resistivity decreased obviously, silver content of 75% volume resistivity as low as 1.6 × 10-4Ω • cm.
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