Silver Nanoparticles Antimicrobial,Copper Oxide Nanoparticles,Gold Nanopowder – Page 14 – Hongwu International Group Ltd is a professional Silver nanoparticles antimicrobial,Copper oxide nanoparticles,Gold nanopowder suppliers from China,we can access more information about you: https://www.hwnanomaterial.com/.

October 16, 2015

Application Status of Nano Nickel Oxide

1、catalyst
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles is a better catalytic oxidation catalyst, Ni2 + has a 3d orbital, has a tendency to multi-electron oxygen adsorbed preferentially on the other reducing gases have the effect of activating and reducing gas O2 plays a catalytic decomposition of organic matter synthesis, conversion processes, such as gasoline hydrocracking, petrochemical processing hydrocarbon conversion, heavy oil hydrogenation process, NiO is a good catalyst. In the catalytic combustion of natural gas, in order to avoid the reaction temperature is too high in the air oxidation of N2 NOx, and unburned CO produced entirely using NiO / CuO-Zr02 composite catalyst to improve its high temperature stability. In the process of the preparation of carbon nanotubes, used in the NiO / Si02 composite catalyst and higher Ni content, high yielding synthesis of carbon nanotubes, the diameter distribution is narrow, and NiO content and shape directly affects the carbon nano Yield and Characters tube. In wastewater treatment, NiO is remove CH4, cyanide, N2, prompting NOx decomposition catalyst. NiO as Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red catalyst, in the treatment of organic wastewater, the effect is very significant.

2、glass ceramic additives and colorings
Ceramics by NiO to increase its impact, when added to NiO (O.02 (wt)%), can also improve the electrical properties of materials, such as piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties. Plus NiO in the glass is mainly controlled color glass can absorb ultraviolet in brown coloration stable on transparent glass containing a small amount of NiO. Transparent glass mirrors and decorative glass, are added the right amount of NiO as a coloring agent.

3、Battery Electrode
With the continuous development of communication and information technology, the capacitor has also been an unprecedented development. Because ultracapacitors now has a much higher energy density than electrostatic capacitors and much higher power density than traditional chemical power becomes a hotspot. According to the research showed that ruthenium oxide is the most studied, the best performance of an electrochemical capacitor electrode material, but because it’s very expensive hindered its large-scale application. Activated carbon resistance and larger features make it sights on transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxide because of its own quasi-capacitance phenomenon as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Currently, the use of Ni, Mn, Co and other oxides of resistance is small, inexpensive, and is larger than the capacity and other characteristics, battery electrode materials made of concern. Molten carbonate fuel cell using NiO as the cathode, with gas or natural gas as fuel, is a power generation efficiency than conventional thermal power of clean energy. And nano-NiO battery Compared with ordinary NiO battery has obvious advantages discharge, the discharge capacity significantly increased, electrochemical performance is improved.

4、Sensor
NiO is more and more attention in recent years, gas sensor material. At present, made into nano NiO formaldehyde sensor, CO sensor, H2 sensors used in actual production.

September 14, 2015

Applications of Carbon NanoTubes

If you are an engineer, and hope to establish something, it will last a long time, to take the final element of abuse, and even can withstand 5 hurricane, as well as can be; how would you do it?

Perhaps you would want a material that is stronger than steel, flexible and yet, harder than diamonds; indeed and that is what she said. No more viagra needed? But in all seriousness can you image a real legitimate use for this type of material? How about replacing wooden dams in flood prone areas or cement dams in Earthquake prone regions? How about a car that you could play bumper cars with and never lose, the ultimate urban assault vehicles? Speaking of urban assault and the war in Iraq which is similar to the Los Angeles Freeways, how about a Humvee made out of that kind of material. Yah that would save our Troops from roadside bombs and murderous cowardice International Terrorists indeed. What if you were making these units out of a material that was ten times lighter than steel and 250 times the strength?

Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal systems for investigating fundamental properties in one-dimensional electronic systems and have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of nano/molecular electronics. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to characterize the atomic structure and tunneling density of states of individual SWNTs. Detailed spectroscopic measurements showed one-dimensional singularities in the SWNT density of states for both metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. The results obtained were compared to and agree well with theoretical predictions and tight-binding calculations. SWNTs were also shortened using the STM to explore the role of finite size, which might be exploited for device applications. Segments less than 10 nm exhibited discrete peaks in their tunneling spectra, which correspond to quantized energy levels, and whose spacing scales inversely with length. Finally, the interaction between magnetic impurities and electrons confined to one dimension was studied by spatially resolving the local electronic density of states of small cobalt clusters on metallic SWNTs. Spectroscopic measurements performed on and near these clusters exhibited a narrow peak near the Fermi level that has been identified as a Kondo resonance. In addition, spectroscopic studies of ultrasmall magnetic nanostructures, consisting of small cobalt clusters on short nanotube pieces, exhibited features characteristic of the bulk Kondo resonance, but also new features due to their finite size.

Well as an engineer you would be making bridges, nuclear power plants, ships, airplanes, cars, buildings and swimming pools out of it. You would be thinking of Space Shuttles, Lunar Colonies, Satellites, iPods and even the levees in New Orleans, but the more you thought about it, you would say; Golf Clubs, fishing poles and snow boards; boy you do need a vacation don’t you? Yes and they you would be re-designing the Château, ski lift and making yourself a new snow mobile too.

You would water pipes, oil pipelines, aqueducts and Space Needles out of the stuff. You are a true American entrepreneur I can tell, so I am thinking you wish to make flag poles, Washington Monument and even the Statue of Liberty out of this stuff. Oh, did I tell you that this material could conduct electricity and even remain invisible to the naked eye? Oh, there goes your engineering mind again, underground Internet lines; high-tension power lines and ditch those lightning prone telephone wires too. Well, I guess we agree that Carbon Nanotubes are the material of the future then. Think on this.

September 10, 2015

All About Silver Nanoparticles Antimicrobial

Nano-silver antibacterial agent is to achieve nanoscale metal particle elemental silver, about 25 nanometers in diameter mostly. Then the use of special technology, nano-silver into a carrier to form a solution.

Origin
Silver Nanoparticles Antimicrobial originated from the ancient times people began to use, it was found that silver and copper vessels retained water should not deteriorate, and later the palace of your time and get used to eat the rich silver chopsticks, folk and wear jewelry made of silver, Chinese folk very early recognized the silver has antibacterial effect.

Definitions
Refers to the ability of nano-silver antibacterial agent within a certain time, so that certain microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and viruses, etc.) necessary to maintain growth or reproduction below the level of chemicals. Nano-silver antibacterial agent is a substance or product has bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.

Antibacterial principle
Contact reaction antibacterial mechanism: silver ions contact reaction, resulting in the destruction of microorganisms common components or produce dysfunction. When a small amount of silver ions to reach the microbial cell membranes, because the latter with a negative charge, relying on Coulomb attraction, so that the two strongly adsorbed silver ions penetrate the cell wall into the cell, and react with SH groups, so that protein coagulation, damage cells synthase activity, cell death and loss of the ability to proliferate. Silver ions can damage microbial electron transport system, respiratory system and mass transport systems.

Feature
Potent bactericidal, repair and regeneration, broad-spectrum bactericidal, permeability, durability, no drug resistance.

August 24, 2015

Outstanding Nano Diamond Powder

Nano Diamond Powder 5-20nm
1.High purity.
2.Low price.
3.Excellent quality. Nano diamond powder for grinding and polishing. Specifications:. Nano diamond. Powder for grinding and polishing. :. Outstanding wearability,anti-causticity and thermal conductivity,stable high dispersibility,superhigh purity. Our nano diamond is achieved from the dissociative carbon in super high pressure and temperature during the detonation by the oxygen-negative explosive. The nano diamonds, with 5 – 20 nanometer basic sizes, have sphere shape and functional group of oxygen and nitrogen on the surface. It possesses characteristics of both diamond and nano functional made of … . Characteristics:. Super finish polishing property.
1.Outstanding wearability, anti-causticity and thermal conductivity.
2.Stable high dispersibility.
3.Superhigh purity, main element impurity below 30 ppm.
4.Various dispersible products.
5.Super polishing effect with minus 0.8 nm surface roughness. Product classification:. Black powder slurry series in different cluster size distributions. Black powder series with different nanodiamond contents. Grey and superfine powder series of nanodiamonds. Black powder slurry series in different cluster size distributions.

The reaction of nanoscale diamond (ND) powder with an elemental fluorine/hydrogen mixture at temperatures varying from 150 to 470 °C resulted in the high degree of ND surface fluorination yielding a fluoro-nanodiamond with up to 8.6 at. % fluorine content. The fluoro-nanodiamond was used as a precursor for preparation of the series of functionalized nanodiamonds by subsequent reactions with alkyllithium reagents, diamines, and amino acids. The fluoro-nanodiamond and corresponding alkyl-, amino-, and amino acid-nanodiamond derivatives were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) measurements. In comparison with the pristine nanodiamond, all functionalized nanodiamonds show an improved solubility in polar organic solvents, e.g., alcohols and THF, and a reduced particle agglomeration. The developed methodology provides an efficient method for the chemical modification of nanodiamond powder, which enables a variety of engineering and biomedical applications of ND derivatives.

August 18, 2015

All About Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder

Nano-aluminum oxide, fumed silica is the use of the BET surface area obtained by gas-phase process is similar to the particle diameter of 100 ± 15 aluminum oxide 13 nm. Has all the advantages of hydrophilic fumed silica, improve static friction powder of positive chargeability.Nano aluminum oxide diameter distribution, high resistivity, with good insulation properties, widely used in plastics, rubber, ceramics, paints and other fields requiring high insulation performance.

A-MITE™ powders and dispersions are recently developed inorganic aluminum oxide nanopowder with unique abrasion resistance properties for use in optical lenses, windows, flooring and other surfaces and coatings prone to scratching. A-MITE-A™ products are uncoated and hydrophilic. A-MITE-O™ products are coated with an organic silane (1-4%) and are hydrophobic. Our oxide nanopowders are typically around 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, and/or 200nm. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers.

Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil. For technical, research and safety information A-MITE™ or for more information on nanotechnology, please contact our customer service department.

Aluminum (Al) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolAluminum, also known as Aluminium, (atomic symbol: Al, atomic number: 13) is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element with an atomic weight of 26.9815386. It is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the most abundant metallic element.Aluminum Bohr ModelAluminum’s name is derived from alumina, the mineral from which Sir Humphrey Davy attempted to refine it from in 1812. It wasn’t until 1825 that Aluminum was first isolated by Hans Christian Oersted. Aluminum is a silvery gray metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and non-sparking. It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Elemental Aluminum Although it has only 60% of the electrical conductivity of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements it imparts a variety of useful properties. Aluminum was first predicted by Antoine Lavoisierin 1787 and first isolated by Friedrich Wöhler in 1827. For more information on aluminum, including properties, safety data, research, and American Elements’ catalog of aluminum products, visit the Aluminum element page.

August 12, 2015

An Introduction of Silicon Carbide Whisker

Silicon carbide whiskers is a little flawed, there is a certain aspect ratio of single crystal fibers, it has a very good temperature resistance and high strength. Mainly used for applications requiring high temperature high-strength material toughening occasions. Such as: aerospace materials, high-speed cutting tool. Currently, with high cost performance.

Silicon carbide whisker belong to a diamond crystal, is now synthesized whiskers highest hardness, modulus maximum, maximum tensile strength, heat resistance temperature of the highest whiskers products, divided the α type and β type two forms, which is superior to α-type β-type and has a higher hardness (Mohs hardness of 9.5 and above), better toughness and conductivity, wear resistance, high temperature, particularly resistant to earthquake , corrosion resistance, radiation has been applied on and engine, high-temperature turbine rotor, special parts on aircraft, missiles shell.

Cubic silicon carbide whisker whiskers, and belong to a diamond crystal, is now synthesized whiskers highest hardness, modulus maximum, maximum tensile strength, heat resistance temperature of the highest whiskers products, divided the α type and β type in two forms, including β-type performance than α type. β type than the α type having a higher hardness (Mohs hardness of 9.5 and above), better toughness and conductivity, wear resistance, high temperature, especially earthquake-resistant, corrosion-resistant, resistant to radiation, have housing in aircraft, missiles on and engine, high-temperature turbine rotor, has been applied on special parts.

Silicon carbide is extremely anisotropic crystal growth is achieved by a catalyst on the basis of silicon carbide particles on the surface along the crystal growth of the short fibers, there are two main methods currently producing a gas phase reaction method and a solid material, which method is more solid material It is economical and suitable for industrial production.

Japan and the United States show the synthesis of silicon carbide of a high enthusiasm, in terms of reducing costs and improving the quality of work done a lot of research. Ramsey and other American to amorphous silica as silicon source rice husk species (obtained from burning carbonized rice husk), were mixed in pulverized petroleum coke carbonized rice husk and powder sintering to produce a silicon carbide products. Japan Tanaka and other acid-boiled rice husk, cleaning, carbonation, sintering and other steps to obtain high-purity silicon carbide products.

The first production of silicon carbide whiskers of manufacturers, production of silicon carbide whiskers is a high strength beard shape (one-dimensional) single crystal, high strength, high modulus, and many other excellent mechanical properties, it is widely used in metal matrix, ceramic matrix composite. Mainly used in ceramic cutting tools, high temperature components in the field of aerospace, main bearing strong, large mud pumps, etc. Add to this new material has obtained a more excellent high temperature components, wear resistance, widely used as a structural material in aviation, aerospace, automotive, machinery, petrochemical and other, known as the king of whiskers said. In particular, it has a special significance in the automotive, aerospace engines, housing and so on.

In addition, it was added as an enhanced component plastic matrix, metal matrix or ceramic matrix and play a role in enhancing toughening, high thermal conductivity Sic use of nano materials, high insulation resistance, as large scale integrated circuit substrates in the electronics industry and packaging materials. As an optical material information in the television show, fields of modern communications and the Internet with a high value.

Silicon carbide whiskers in the manufacture of high-strength plastic, metal and ceramic applications work, you can speed up the upgrading of key traditional products. As the nano-silicon carbide whiskers of outstanding features, it has a special role in the aerospace industry industry sectors, namely in aircraft, missile applications and engine housing, the high temperature turbine rotor, special components, military industry and so it huge demand for civilian industry.

August 4, 2015

Comparisons of Mineral Makeup

Mineral foundations have increased in popularity over the years as people have been drawn to the idea that it’s more natural, therefore kinder to and more comfortable on your skin. Though many people think this just includes powder foundations, liquid formulas can be mineral foundation too.

They call them mineral make up. They call them pure. They say they have only “good things” in them. Is this true? And how do they compare in price? Let’s compare apples to apples. I’ve listed all the well know brands of mineral cosmetics, compared their ingredients, their cost, and their actual cost per gram. Although each company offers several products such as foundations, blushes, eye shadows, etc, I’ve chosen the most popular – foundations – as a basis of comparison. I’ve stacked them against Purely Cosmetics to see how each holds up against the other.

Any ingredient marked in bold contains a non-pure, non-earth mineral. Some even worse: parabens are preservatives that are thought to be linked to breast cancer and early aging of the skin. Bismuth oxychloride is a filler that is a by-product of lead and copper processing and is irritating to the skin.Copper Oxide Nanoparticles is good for you!

This is lengthy, but you’ll find some real eye openers. Your favorite mineral makeup is most likely listed here, as I’ve compared Bare Escentuals, Jane Iredale, GLO Minerals, Sheer Cover, Laura Mercier, Youngblood, PUR Minerals, L’Oreal, and Neutragena to Purely Cosmetics.

Note about micronized particles: The use of micronized titanium dioxide is controversial. Some research indicates that micro-size particles do stay on the surface of the skin and do not enter the bloodstream, while others question the long-term safety of using nanoparticles. Studies have shown that it is possible for micronized titanium dioxide particles to penetrate cells and eventually lead to DNA damage following sun exposure. Asthmatics and others with repiratory problems should be cautioned about using loose powders with micronized ingredients as they are easily airborne. Micronized particles are liked by some mineral makeup companies because they provide a smooth coverage and adhere easily. The smaller the particle, the more sheer and natural looking the application. On the flip side, micronized particles cannot provide medium to full coverage for those who need to cover life’s imperfections.

July 27, 2015

Information of Most Versatile Precious Metal Ruthenium

Ruthenium metal powders are called “two ruthenium Foix.” When sunlight, molecular diRuthenium Foix will change shape into a semi-stable state, but this state is very safe. They can be stored indefinitely heat by means of a catalyst, which in turn can be restored to its original shape, releasing tremendous heat stored. The heat can be used to heat the house.

Although alphabetically last in a list of precious metals, ruthenium is considered to be the most versatile of this group of elements. There is a total of six precious metals found within the platinum group, with ruthenium being the most versatile.

Ruthenium is a hard white-colored metal that has four crystallization varieties. Ruthenium does not tarnish under general circumstances, but will quickly oxidize quickly with exposure to air. Two methods of plating will improve its durability, these are known as electrodeposition and thermal decomposition.

Alloys comprised of ruthenium and palladium or ruthenium and platinum are commonly used as materials for electrical contacts because of the excellent wear resistance. Ruthenium is known to be very effective when used as a hardener when used as an alloy for palladium or platinum products. Adding ruthenium to titanium, the resulting alloy has a significantly improved resistance to corrosion.

There are other applications for ruthenium, including manufacture of film chip resistors, as an alloy with gold for high end jewelry, industrial turbine blades for aircraft engines (because it is a high temperature super alloy), tips for high end fountain pens, as part of a chemical process for mixed-metal oxide anodes or removal of hydrogen sulfide during industrial manufacture; parts of optical sensor devices; and radiography equipment (such as that required for eye sensors).

Ruthenium is found in various ores in the Ural Mountain range in Russia, as well as parts of North America and South America. Other locations, including Sudbury in Ontario, Canada, in pentlandite, (which is an sulfide comprised of iron and nickel) as well as small areas of South Africa, in pyroxenite (which is an ultrabasic igneous rock formation) also contain sources of ruthenium. This precious metal is found alongside the other five precious metals that are included within the platinum group.

Ruthenium is derived for commercial purposes as a by- product when nickel and copper is processed. This is similar to the way that the other platinum family precious metals are obtained. Direct processing of certain platinum ores can also be a way to obtain ruthenium. Isolating ruthenium can only be done following a complex chemical process. This process will ultimately yield a powder form which can be consolidated through argon arc-welding techniques.

Ruthenium is rather rare, ranking 74th among all of the chemical metal elements, making it one of the most rare elements. Worldwide, there are approximately 5000 tons available, and this amount is mined at a rate of approximately 12 tons per year. Ruthenium is valued at around $1000 USD per troy ounce.

July 23, 2015

Information of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

Since nanomaterials are a heterogeneous group of substances used in various applications, risk assessment needs to be done on a case-by-case basis. Here the authors assess the risk (hazard and exposure) of a glass cleaner with synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide (SAS) nanoparticles during production and consumer use (spray application). As the colloidal material used is similar to previously investigated SAS, the hazard profile was considered to be comparable. Overall, SAS has a low toxicity. Worker exposure was analysed to be well controlled. The particle size distribution indicated that the aerosol droplets were in a size range not expected to reach the alveoli. Predictive modelling was used to approximate external exposure concentrations. Consumer and environmental exposure were estimated conservatively and were not of concern. It was concluded based on the available weight-of-evidence that the production and application of the glass cleaner is safe for humans and the environment under intended use conditions.

Silicon Oxide(SiO2) Nanopowder, silicon dioxide nanoparticles or nanodots are high surface area particles. Nanoscale Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles or Silica Particles are typically 5 – 100 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 25 – 50 m 2 /g range. Nano Silicon Oxide Particles are also available in Ultra high purity , high purity, coated, hydrophilic, lipophilic and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers.

Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil.. Research into applications for Silicon Oxide nanocrystals includes use as a dielectric coating, in solar cell applications, as a high temperature insulator, as a gas sensor and for use in other coatings, plastics, polymers and wire and further research for their potential electrical, optical, imaging, and other properties Silicon Oxide Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.

Silicon (Si) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolSilicon (atomic symbol: Si, atomic number: 14) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element with an atomic weight of 28.085. Silicon Bohr MoleculeThe number of electrons in each of Silicon’s shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. The silicon atom has a radius of 111 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 210 pm. Silicon was discovered and first isolated by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1823. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth’s crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, exceeded only by oxygen. The metalloid is rarely found in pure crystal form and is usually produced from the iron-silicon alloy ferrosilicon. Elemental Silicon Silica (or silicon dioxide), as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics industry.The name Silicon originates from the Latin word silex which means flint or hard stone.

July 14, 2015

The Antimicrobial Features of Nano Silver

Antibacterial coating nano silver is regarded as a new generation of antibacterial agents and has great potential to be utilized in antibacterial surface coatings for medical devices, food package and industrial pipes. However, disadvantages such as easy aggregation, uncontrollable release of silver ions and potential cytotoxicity greatly hinder its uses. Recently, polymers possessing unique functions have been employed to fabricate nanocomposite coatings with nanosilver for better biocompatibility and enhanced antibacterial activity. This review starts with progress on antibacterial mechanism and cytotoxic effects of nanosilver. Antibacterial functions of polymers are subsequently discussed. Advances of fabrication of polymer/nanosilver composite coatings for antibacterial applications are surveyed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives, in particular future directions of polymer/nanosilver composite coatings for antibacterial applications are proposed. It is expected that this review is able to provide the updated accomplishments of the polymer/nanosilver composite coatings for antibacterial applications while attracting great interest of research and development in this area.

Nanometer (nm) is the second smallest micron unit of measurement, a nanometer is a millionth millimeter, namely nanometer, which is one billionth of a meter. Nano-silver is the use of cutting-edge nanotechnology silver nano, nanotechnology have enabled the state of nano silver sterilization ability to produce a qualitative leap, little nanosilver can have a strong bactericidal effect, can kill in minutes Death 650 kinds of bacteria, broad-spectrum bactericidal without any resistance, to promote wound healing, cell growth and repair of damaged cells without any toxicity, skin irritation also did not find any, which gives wide Application to antibacterial nano silver has opened up broad prospects, is the latest generation of natural antibacterial agent, nano-silver sterilization has the following characteristics:
Broad-spectrum antibiotic

Silver nanoparticles directly into the cell and oxygen metabolizing enzymes (-SH) combine to make cell suffocated unique mechanism of action, can kill most bacteria in contact with, fungi, mold spores and other microorganisms. After eight domestic authorities found: their drug-resistant pathogens, such as E. coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes resistant enterococci, anaerobic bacteria, which are full of antibacterial activity; surface burns and trauma of common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and other G +, G- pathogens have a bactericidal effect; Chlamydia trachomatis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae also has a strong bactericidal effect.

An antibiotic can kill about six kinds of pathogens, and nano-silver can kill hundreds of pathogenic microorganisms. Kill bacteria, fungi, trichomoniasis, branch / chlamydia, gonorrhea, strong bactericidal effect of antibiotic resistant bacteria have the same role in the killing!
Potent bactericidal

It found, Ag 650 kinds of bacteria can kill within minutes. Nano silver particles and pathogens in the cell wall / membrane-bound, directly into the cell and quickly combine with oxygen metabolizing enzyme thiol group (-SH), inactivating the enzyme, blocking the respiratory metabolism to suffocate it. Unique sterilization mechanism, making silver nanoparticles at low concentrations can rapidly kill pathogens.
Permeable

Silver nanoparticles with superior permeability, can rapidly penetrate the subcutaneous 2mm sterilization, common bacteria, stubborn bacteria, resistant bacteria as well as the deeper tissue infections caused by fungi have a good bactericidal effect.
Repair and regeneration

Nano-silver can promote wound healing, promoting repair and regeneration of damaged cells, to rot myogenic, anti-inflammatory improve microcirculation trauma to surrounding tissue, effectively activate and promote the growth of tissue cells, accelerate wound healing and reduce scarring generated.
Antibacterial lasting

Silver nanoparticles use patented technology, outer layer of protective film can be gradually released in the human body, so anti-bacterial effect.
No drug resistance

Nano-silver is a non-antibiotic agents: nano-silver can kill a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, more than antibiotics, antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles unique 10nm size can quickly kill bacteria directly to the loss of reproductive ability, therefore, can not produce the next generation of drug resistance, can effectively avoid drug resistance and cause recurrent permanently.

Silver used in modern medicine
In 1884, the German obstetrician F. Crede (Claude), the concentration of 1% silver nitrate solution was dropped in the eyes of newborns to prevent blindness caused by neonatal conjunctivitis, infant blindness prevalence dropped from 10% 0.2 percent, until today, many countries still using Crede prophylaxis.

In 1893, C. Von Nageli (Nag column) through a systematic study, first reported in the metal (especially silver) bacteria and other lower organisms lethal effect, so there may be a silver disinfectant. Since then, the use of silver into the modern era.

Silver used in modern medicine in many forms, including:
(1) silver: 0.5% silver nitrate standard solution for treating burns and wounds; 10-20% of the silver nitrate solution applied, can be used for the treatment of cervical erosion.
(2) Silver sulfadiazine: Columbia University Charles L. Fox (Fox) professor and sulfadiazine silver compound, silver sulfadiazine generated activity than the individual sulfa strong activity at least 50 times. 1968, silver sulfadiazine (Sulfadiazine Silver) introduced to the market, because of its variety of bacteria, fungi and efficient role in the killing has, naturally, painless way to fully repair the wound site without skin grafting, has become the treatment of trauma ( such as burn) important drugs. It has now been included in the national basic medical insurance drug list.
(3) colloidal silver or silver protein: an effective topical anti-infective substances, colloidal silver can be used for gynecological sterilization.
(4) silver plated materials: silver, founder of the research, AB Flick (Fleck), Dr. Silver has developed a product that is coated with a layer of silver on the bandage, used as a dressing. Inspired by him, people use silver antimicrobial resistance, have developed a silver-plated sutures, silver catheter. Currently the United States has a dozen silver-containing products, as a medical device received FDA marketing approval, including silver dressings, silver gelatin, silver powder and other types of medical products.