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Application of Nano Titanium Oxide in Perovskite Batteries

As the core material for the electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells, high-purity nano titanium dioxide is a key substrate for next-generation high-efficiency photovoltaic mass production. With excellent energy level alignment, high electron mobility, and a stable porous framework, nano TiO₂ can rapidly extract and transport photogenerated electrons, effectively suppress charge recombination, and significantly enhance the open-circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite cells, making it the standard preferred material for both laboratory and GW-level mass production lines.

The nanoscale titanium dioxide features uniform particle size, dense film formation, and minimal defects, making it perfectly compatible with large-area fabrication processes such as slot coating and inkjet printing, significantly improving component yield and consistency. After modification and optimization, the material effectively reduces the photocatalytic side effects of ultraviolet light, significantly mitigates perovskite layer aging issues, and enhances long-term device stability and outdoor service life.

Meanwhile, nano TiO₂ is green, non-toxic, cost-effective, and highly compatible with various processes, making it widely applicable in mainstream fields such as rigid single-junction cells, silicon-perovskite tandem cells, flexible photovoltaics, and BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) architecture.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are indispensable electron transport materials in perovskite solar cells. Through strategies such as nanostructure engineering (e.g., nanorod arrays), material doping modification (e.g., Zn doping, amino functionalization), and interface layer optimization, researchers have successfully increased the efficiency of perovskite solar cells to over 25% and significantly improved their long-term stability. These advancements are vigorously driving the transition of perovskite solar cells from laboratory research toward large-scale commercial applications.

With the entry of perovskite photovoltaics into the phase of large-scale mass production and rapid expansion, high-performance, highly dispersed, and low-temperature-adapted nano titanium dioxide has become a core essential material for supporting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in photovoltaics, as well as driving the industrialization of next-generation clean energy. The market prospects are vast.

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Nanomaterials in rubber industry application

The development of the rubber industry is closely related to the use of nanomaterials. Rubber materials in the 21st century are developing towards high performance and functionalization. Usually, the composite obtained by adding nano powder into the rubber matrix is nano-rubber. The application direction of nano-materials in rubber can be summarized as two aspects: improving mechanical properties and providing some special functions (such as anti-aging, gas barrier and antibacterial).

The common nano powders used for rubber reinforcement and more special functions are mainly oxides nanoparticles, including zinc oxide nanoparticles, alumina nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles. Also there are other nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, silicon nitride nanoparticles, nano graphene, nano diamond, etc.

 

  1. The reinforcing effect of nanomaterials on rubber

The most used and most common reinforcing agent is nano sized silica (SiO2 nanoparticles). The application results of SiO2 in tire production are more reflected in the substantial improvement of the basic performance of tires.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can greatly improve the mechanical properties of composite materials due to their ultra-high strength, great toughness, and unique electrical and thermal conductivity. It is much better than carbon black in terms of wear and abrasion performance, which is beneficial to the development of low-rolling tire tread compounds.

 

  1. Nanomaterials can improve the vulcanization activity of rubber

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an essential additive in the rubber and tire industries, and can be used as a vulcanization activator and reinforcing agent for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex, as well as a colorant. When nano zinc oxide is used as a vulcanization activator, compared with ordinary zinc oxide, the dosage can be greatly reduced. In the formulation of rubber shoes, active nano zinc oxide is an excellent inorganic active agent and vulcanization accelerator, which can significantly improve the performance of rubber shoes and prolong its service life. In addition, it can also be used as a sterilant, which can effectively inhibit the reproduction of bacteria. It is also a good UV shielding agent and anti-aging.

 

  1. Nanomaterials can improve the heat resistance of rubber

Nano silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a gray-white high-melting-point crystalline powder, which is a covalent bond compound, and the combination is very stable. It has high chemical stability, high temperature resistance and good wear resistance. Evenly dispersing it into the rubber matrix can significantly improve the service life of heat-resistant rubber products under dynamic conditions.

 

  1. Nanomaterials can be used to produce special thermally conductive tires

Graphene conductive tires can not only meet the high performance requirements of ordinary cars, but also can be widely used in inflammable and explosive goods transport vehicles, special vehicles for electronic equipment, special vehicles for military and police, etc.