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Some Functional Materials in Electronic Paste

Electronic paste is made by mixing functional materials with conductive binders or dispersants. It usually has a high concentration of solid particles dispersed in a stable liquid medium for easy coating, spraying, printing, and other operations in the manufacturing process of electronic devices. Its main applications are in printed electronics, solar cells, and nano electronic devices. The following are several main functional materials used for preparing electronic pastes:

 

  1. Metal powder: Metal powder is commonly used as a conductive material in electronic pastes, including silver powder, copper powder,silver copper powder, aluminum powder, etc. They have good conductivity and can be used to prepare conductive components and electrodes.

 

  1. Oxide powder: Oxide powder is commonly used as a dielectric or semiconductor material in electronic paste. For example, ZnO(HW-Z713)powder, TiO2(HW-T681,T685,T689)powder, lithium niobate powder can be used to prepare insulation layers or semiconductor materials for electronic components.

 

  1. Semiconductor nanoparticles: It isa type of material with special electrical and optical properties, often used for specific functional applications in electronic pastes. For example, indium tin oxide (ITOHW-V751) nanoparticles are widely used in the preparation of transparent conductive films.

 

  1. Carbonnano materials powders: Carbon based materials such as graphene powder （HW-C963, C966, C968) and carbon nanotubes have excellent conductivity and mechanical properties, and can be used to prepare high-performance electronic devices.

 

  1. Functional additives: In addition to the main functional materials mentioned above, auxiliary functional additives like surfactants, antioxidantsand rheological modifiers are often added to electronic paste to improve their performance and stability.

Hwnanomaterial supply the materials mentioned above, with reliable and stable product quality and excellent price. Welcome to contact us for further info.

 

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Nano Zirconia: Performance, Applications Potential in Consumer Electronics

Nano Zirconia has excellent performance, wide application fields, and great development potential in the field of consumer electronics.

Nano Zirconia has excellent physical properties such as high strength, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, insulation insulation, and expansion coefficients, as well as outstanding performance for its nano size with excellent chemical properties such as corrosion resistance and high conductivity and high -scale surface area, high processing accuracy, strong oxygen storage capacity. It is widely used in structural devices, oxygen sensors, joints, etc; and in the background of consumer electronics in the development of the next generation of backboards, ceramic materials ( ZrO2, YSZ) have great potential.

  1. The backplane and intelligent wearable devices are expected to usher in the era of zirconia ceramics.

The 5G era requires a faster signal transmission speed and will adopt a spectrum above 3GHz, which has shorter wavelength of its millimeter. Compared with the metal backboard, the ceramic backboard has no interference to the signal. The ceramic material combines the characteristics of the shape of the glass, no signal shielding, and high hardness. Yes, it is very suitable for wearable devices and mobile phone backboards.

Among all ceramic materials, in addition to high -strength, high hardness, acid -alkali -resistant corrosion resistance and high chemical stability, the zirconia ceramics have the characteristics of anti -scratch -resistant, no signal shielding, excellent heat dissipation performance, and good appearance effects. Therefore, it has become a new type of mobile phone body after plastic, metal, and glass. At present, the application of zirconia ceramics in mobile phones is mainly two parts: backboard and fingerprint recognition cover.

With the well -known domestic mobile phone manufacturers Huawei and Xiaomi  launching zirconia ceramic backplane phones, the market heat has gradually increased, which has opened the curtain of oxidation and infiltration of mobile phone backplane materials.

  1. Advanced aging and consumption upgrades will increase the penetration rate of oxidation dentures and the market space is broad.

Due to its good biological performance, aesthetics and stability, zirconia ceramic materials are widely used in the field of dental repair. With the intensification of global aging and the improvement of living standards and the attention of the whitening of teeth, the global denture market scale has continued to expand. The penetration rate of oxidation ceramics in the denture materials is expected to further increase, and the market space in the field of domestic oxidation in the field of righteousness will continue to grow.

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Application of TiO2 Nanotubes in Denitrification Field

TiO2 nanotubes have a high specific surface area (greater than 300m2/g). The specific surface area of ​​the catalyst has an important influence on the catalytic performance, so TiO2 nanotubes were used as the denitration catalyst carrier, and the manganese oxide/TiO2 nanotube denitration catalyst was prepared by loading manganese oxide by the equal impregnation method. The catalyst showed good low temperature denitration. performance, especially in the temperature range of 100-220 °C, the denitration activity is almost 100%.

Manganese oxide has relatively high catalytic activity in low-temperature denitration (electrons on 3D orbitals are very easy to migrate). Using TiO2 nanotubes with high specific surface as a carrier can improve the dispersion of manganese oxide and promote more catalytically active sites. At the same time, the mass transfer process of the reaction is improved; on the other hand, TiO2 nanotubes have strong anti-sulfur poisoning ability. In addition, the active sites of amorphous manganese oxide in the catalyst were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carrier and the increase of Lewis acid content jointly promoted the improvement of catalyst performance.

The application of TiO2 nanotubes with large specific surface area in the catalytic reaction of low-temperature denitration is of great significance to expand the field of denitration.

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Silicon carbide whiskers can significantly improve the service life of resin diamond grinding wheels

The diamond grinding wheel uses diamond abrasive as raw material, and uses metal powder, resin powder, ceramics and electroplated metal as binders respectively. The circular bonded abrasive tool with a through hole in the center is called diamond grinding wheel (alloy grinding wheel).

The resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel generally has a low life and cannot meet the requirements of advanced numerical control machine tools. The short life is mainly due to the poor wear resistance of the resin bond itself or the low holding force on the diamond, which causes the diamond abrasive particles to fall off prematurely during the grinding process. Therefore, how to improve the wear resistance of the resin bond and improve the holding force of the resin on the diamond has become the key to improving the service life of the resin bond diamond grinding wheel.

The addition of silicon carbide whiskers can greatly improve the strength, hardness, heat resistance, polishing, etc. of the bond and the grinding wheel. Silicon carbide whiskers have unique mechanical and physicochemical properties such as high hardness, high strength (toughness), and excellent wear resistance, so they are widely used in metals, ceramics, plastics, etc.

Strengthening and toughening of materials and composite materials to improve the strength of composite materials and prevent shrinkage and deformation. The shape of silicon carbide whiskers is like needles, especially its Webster hardness is close to diamond and has good toughness and wear resistance, and compared with abrasive grains, even if the diameter is the same as the grain size of abrasive grains, there are whiskers of a certain length that are combined with The agent has a relatively large bonding area and bonding strength, which greatly improves the service life of the grinding wheel.

The β-type micron-sized silicon carbide whiskers produced by Hongwu Nano have the characteristics of high purity and good morphology, and are the preferred materials for strengthening and toughening of various metal-based, ceramic-based and resin-based composite materials. Its strengthening and toughening effect and scope of application are unmatched by other materials.

Beta silicon carbide whiskers are needle-like single crystals. As an atomic crystal, it has low density, high melting point, high strength, high modulus, low thermal expansion rate, and excellent characteristics such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, etc. It is mainly used for metal base, ceramic base , Reinforcement and toughening of resin-based composite materials, significantly improve the properties of composite materials.

Its main physical performance indicators are as follows:
Whisker diameter Diameter: 0.1-2.5um
Whisker Length: 10-50um
Density: 3.2g/cm2
Hardness: 9.5 Mobs
Modulus Modulus: 480GPa
Tensile Strength Strength of extension: 20.8Gpa
Tolerable temperature: 2960℃

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Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Nickel Dioxide

As an important device of renewable energy, solar cell has been the topic among people. However, the limited efficiency of traditional silicon-based solar cells restricts the application range of solar energy. In recent years, perovskite solar cell, as a new type of high-efficiency solar cell material, has the potential of high efficiency and low manufacturing cost, and has been paid attention by scientists. Nickel dioxide nanopowder(HW-S672) plays an important role in perovskite solar cells.

Solar cell is device that convert solar energy directly into electricity and is a kind of green and clean energy. Although the efficiency of traditional silicon-based solar cells continues to improve, the wide application is restricted due to the high cost of preparation. As a new type of solar cell material, perovskite solar cell has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and is considered to be an important direction for the development of solar cells in the future.

The working principle of the NiO2-based perovskite solar cell is to use the photosensitive nature of the perovskite structure to convert light energy into electricity. Perovskite is a kind of compound with special structure, which can achieve high efficiency photoelectric conversion. As the electrode material of the battery, nickel dioxide can provide good electron transport performance and electrical conductivity, which can help electrons transfer from the photosensitive layer to the electrode, and provide an effective electron collection channel, thus improving the efficiency of the solar cell.

The preparation methods of perovskite solar cells based on NiO2 mainly include solution method, vapor deposition method and solid phase method. Solution method is more commonly used. In the process of preparation, it is necessary to select suitable precursor, solvent and control reaction conditions, and prepare perovskite thin films by chemical reaction of solution and subsequent heat treatment.

In addition, nickel dioxide also has excellent optical properties, which can increase the light absorption capacity of perovskite solar cells and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. By combining its excellent electron transport performance and optical properties, nickel dioxide can facilitate the photoelectric conversion process of perovskite solar cells.

As a new kind of high efficiency solar cell material, perovskite solar cell has a broad application prospect. First of all, its preparation cost is relatively low. It can be produced in large scale to reduce the cost of solar cells. Secondly, perovskite solar cell based on nickel dioxide has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and can make full use of solar energy resources. In addition, the material also has good stability and long life, and can adapt to different application environments.

In summary, NiO2-based perovskite solar cell has a wide range of application prospects. Scientists are also conducting experiments to explore its infinite possibilities. It is believed that in the future, scientists will step by step further study the properties and preparation methods of the material, promote the development of solar cells, and contribute to the solution of energy problems.

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The Nano Powders for Preparing Special Ceramics

Special ceramics refer to ceramic materials with special properties and specific applications. Compared with traditional ceramics, special ceramics have higher hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and insulation performance, and are widely used in various fields, including aerospace, electronics, medical, energy, chemical, etc.

 

Nano powder can play an important role in the preparation of special ceramics. By adding nano powders to the raw materials of special ceramics, the microstructure control and performance optimization of materials can be achieved. Nano powder has large specific surface area and size effect, which can enhance the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, optical properties of special ceramics, and improve the processing properties and density of materials.

 

The following are several nano powders commonly used to prepare special ceramics:

 

Nano zirconia powder (HW-U702): With excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, and chemical stability, it is suitable for preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant special ceramics, such as cutting tools and ceramic coatings.

 

Nano alumina powder (HW-N611): With high hardness, heat resistance, and chemical stability, it can be used to prepare high-temperature ceramic materials, such as ceramic aviation engine components and high-temperature resistant electronic devices.

 

Nano tin oxide powder (HW-X678): With good conductivity and optical properties, it can be used to prepare transparent conductive ceramic materials, such as touch screens, displays, and solar cells.

 

Nano tungsten oxide powder (HW-W691): With high density, high melting point, and excellent wear resistance, it is suitable for preparing high-temperature and wear-resistant ceramic materials, such as cutting tools, bearings, and valve guides.

 

These special ceramic materials have extensive applications in many fields, including electronics, medical, aerospace, energy, and automotive industries. Their unique performance makes them suitable for various extreme environments and applications that require high durability.

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About Platinum-Carbon Catalyst and Its Application

Introduction

 

Platinum-carbon catalyst, also called Pt/C, is a carrier catalyst loaded with platinum onto activated carbon and belongs to one of the subcategories of precious metal catalysts. It is mainly used for chemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation, methanol oxidation, formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction in fuel cells, and is a very common precious metal catalyst. Platinum carbon catalysts have a high technological threshold and are mainly produced through three major processes: precipitation conversion, chemical reduction and alternate microwave heating, which are highly demanding. Chemical reduction is the most commonly used method for the production of platinum carbon catalysts, which refers to the use of activated carbon, distilled water and hexachloroplatinic acid solution as raw materials to generate platinum carbon catalysts through mixing and dissolving, ultrasonic shaking and chemical reduction treatment. (nano platinum powders)

 

Application

 

PEM electrolytic water cathode

Platinum-carbon catalyst is widely applied in PEM electrolytic water cathode, which is a method of decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen. PEM electrolytic water cathode is one of the most widely used water decomposition technologies and is highly efficient, controllable and safe. With PEM electrolysis, hydrogen can be produced wherever it is needed and no emissions are produced. In the electrolytic water reaction, a platinum carbon catalyst facilitates the decomposition of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. This process requires a lot of energy to carry out, so Pt/C catalyst can accelerate the reaction rate at low voltages. This means that using Pt/C catalyst can significantly reduce the amount of energy required to produce hydrogen and increase the efficiency of the reaction. Since the PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production equipment has made remarkable breakthroughs in technology and market, many PEM electrolyzer material companies started to enter the market one after another to start the attempt of localization and replacement.

 

Hydrogen fuel cell anode

Nowadays, new energy vehicle is the main application area for Pt/C catalyst. In this field, Pt/C catalyst plays an important role in hydrogen fuel cell anodes, as it can facilitate the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrical energy, thus providing power for new energy vehicles. Normally, new energy vehicles use PEM fuel cells. The anode of this fuel cell requires Pt/C catalyst to accelerate the oxidation reaction of hydrogen to produce electric current. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and the electrode catalyst is one of its key raw materials. In a hydrogen fuel cell, a platinum-carbon catalyst is used to facilitate the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen. As the hydrogen passes through the electrolyte membrane into the cathode, Pt/C catalyst breaks the hydrogen into protons and electrons. The electrons flow through the circuit to produce electricity, while the protons pass through the electrolyte membrane to the anode where they combine with oxygen to form water. This process generates electricity and water for the hydrogen fuel cell.

 

Unlike conventional chemical platinum-carbon catalyst, which is loaded with less than 5%, the Pt/C catalyst for hydrogen fuel cells generally has a platinum loading of more than 20% and is very difficult to produce. Pt/C catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells require platinum nanoparticles with a particle size of 3-5nm, narrow particle size distribution, uniform dispersion on carbon, and no harmful impurities. Since the surface energy of 3-5nm Pt nanoparticles is very large and easily agglomerated, it is very difficult to prepare such a kind of Pt/C catalyst. With the development of new technologies, engineers are proactively researching to improve the structure and composition of catalysts in order to reduce their cost and increase their efficiency.

 

Pt/C catalyst is one of the fuel cell electrode catalysts commercially available in China, and the market demand for platinum carbon catalysts continues to increase, driven by the rapid growth of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle sales. According to the relevant data, the production and sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China in 2022 completed 3,626 and 3,367 units respectively, representing a year-on-year growth of 105.4% and 112.8%. In the future, with the production and sales scale of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles maintaining rapid growth, it is expected that the platinum carbon catalyst market in China will maintain growth at a CAGR of over 7% from 2023 to 2028, with promising prospects for the industry development.

 

The successful application of platinum carbon catalysts in hydrogen fuel cells and electrolytic water reactions provides a new direction for the development and utilization of clean energy. Compared with traditional fossil fuels, hydrogen has a wide range of applications as a clean energy source, and the use of Pt/C catalyst will become more common and mature.

 

Conclusion

Overall, Pt/C catalyst has a wide range of uses in hydrogen fuel cell and electrolytic water reactions, enabling much higher reaction efficiency and lower energy consumption required for the reaction. As technology and materials continue to advance, it is believed that the use of platinum carbon catalysts will become more and more widespread and offer more possibilities for the development of our clean energy.

 

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Ferroferric Oxide Nanopowder Used for Ceramic Tile Substrate

Ferroferric oxide (Fe304 HW-P632) is an important type of iron oxide material with extensive applications in magnetic materials, polymer materials, electronic materials, and other fields. In recent years, ferric oxide has gradually been introduced into ceramic tile substrates, becoming a new type of functional ceramic material.

 

Ceramic tile is a common building decoration material, and its surface quality directly affects the decoration effect and service life. At present, traditional ceramic tile surface treatment methods are mainly chemical coating or physical treatment, but these methods have disadvantages such as high cost, long treatment time, and serious environmental pollution. By adding ferroferric oxide material to the ceramic tile substrate, the performance and quality of the tiles can be easily improved, becoming a new type of ceramic material with practical application value.

 

Firstly, Fe3O4 has conductivity property, which can form a certain electrostatic field on the surface of ceramic tiles, making it easier for particles such as dirt and dust attached to the surface of tiles to be adsorbed, thus purifying the air. Secondly, it also has strong antibacterial property, which can kill surface bacteria, reduce the growth of bacteria, and thus improve the hygiene level of ceramic tile surfaces. In addition, it has photocatalytic function, which can decompose organic substances on the surface of ceramic tiles through ultraviolet light irradiation, achieving the effect of purifying air and deodorizing.

 

Research has shown that adding different proportions of Fe3O4 materials to ceramic tile substrates can maintain their basic physical and mechanical properties, while enhancing their conductivity, antibacterial properties, and photocatalytic properties. Therefore, the introduction of ferroferric oxide material into the ceramic tile substrate can not only add new performance and value into the traditional building decoration materials, but also meet the people’s demand for healthy and comfortable indoor environment. It is a new application with broad development prospects.

 

Although ferroferric oxide has been widely applied and studied, its application in ceramic tile substrates still needs further improvement in order to achieve more ideal results in practical applications. Therefore, the future research work needs to strengthen the preparation and application technology of Fe3O4 material and improve its application effect and reliability in ceramic tile substrate to meet people’s demand for high-quality indoor environment.

 

Hongwu Nano is a professional manufacturer of nano precious metal powders and their oxides, with reliable and stable product quality and excellent price. Hongwu Nano supplies Fe3O4 nanopowder. Welcome to contact us for further info. https://www.hwnanomaterial.com

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Polishing and Grinding Properties of Nano Silicon Carbide

Silicon carbide (HW-D507) is produced by smelting quartz sand, petroleum coke (or coal coke), and wood chips as raw materials through high temperature in resistance furnaces. Silicon carbide also exists in nature as a rare mineral— named as moissanite. In high technology refractory raw materials such as C, N, B and other non-oxide , silicon carbide is the most widely used and the most economical one.

 

β-SiC powder has properties such as high chemical stability, high hardness, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and so on. Therefore, it has excellent performances such as anti-abrasion, high temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance. Silicon carbide can be made into abrasive powders or grinding heads for high-precision grinding and polishing of materials such as metals, ceramics, glass and plastics. Compared with traditional abrasive materials, SiC has high wear resistance, hardness and thermal stability, which can effectively improve processing accuracy and efficiency. In addition, it has excellent chemical resistance and high-temperature stability, so it has a wide range of application prospects in various fields.

 

SiC can be used to prepare polishing materials, which has a wide range of applications in mechanical engineering, electronic devices, optical devices and other fields. This polishing material has excellent properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance and high chemical stability, which can accomplish high quality polishing and grinding operations. At present, the main grinding and polishing materials is diamond in the market, and its price is tens or even hundreds of times of β-Sic. However, the grinding effect of β-Sic in many fields is no less than diamond. Compared with other abrasives of the same particle size, β-Sic has the highest processing efficiency and cost performance.

 

As polishing and grinding material, nano silicon carbide also has excellent low friction coefficient and excellent optical properties, which are widely used in microelectronic processing and optoelectronic device manufacturing. Nano silicon carbide polishing and grinding materials can achieve extremely high polishing capabilities, while controlling and reducing surface roughness and morphology, improving the surface quality of the material and the performance of the product.

 

In resin-based diamond tools, nano silicon carbide is an important additive that can effectively improve the wear resistance, cutting and polishing performance of resin-based diamond tools. Meanwhile, the small size and good dispersion of SiC can improve the processing performance of resin-based diamond tools by mixing well with resin-based materials. The process of nano SiC for manufacturing resin-based diamond tools is simple and easy. Firstly, nano SiC powder is mixed with resin powder in a predetermined ratio, and then heated and pressed through a mold, which can effectively eliminate the uneven distribution of diamond particles by using the uniform dispersion property of SiC nanoparticles, thus significantly improving the strength and hardness of the tools and extending their service life.

In addition to the manufacture of resin-based diamond tools, silicon carbide nanoparticles can also be used in manufacturing various abrasives and processing tools, such as grinding wheels, sandpaper, polishing materials, etc. The application prospect of nano silicon carbide is very broad. With the increasing tendency of various industries to use high performance and high quality processing tools and abrasives, nano silicon carbide will certainly produce more and more extensive applications in these fields.

In conclusion, nano silicon carbide powder has a wide application prospect as a high quality polishing material. With the continuous progress of science and technology, nano silicon carbide and resin-based diamond tools will be continuously improved and upgraded to a wider range of fields.

 

Hwnanomaterial is a professional manufacturer of nano precious metal powders and their oxides, with reliable and stable product quality and excellent price. Hongwu Nano supplies SiC nanopowder. Welcome to contact us for further info.

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The Importance of Nano ZrO2 on New Energy Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with rich sources, green, low-carbon and wide application. It can help the large-scale consumption of renewable energy, realize large-scale peak regulation and cross-seasonal and cross-regional energy storage, and accelerate the low-carbon development in industry, construction, transportation and other fields.In 1970s, as an alternative energy source, hydrogen energy attracted people’s attention. At that time, the Middle East War triggered the global oil crisis. In order to get rid of the dependence on imported oil, the United States put forward the concept of “hydrogen economy” for the first time, believing that hydrogen could replace oil as the main energy source to support global transportation in the future. In the following decades, hydrogen energy has been developing. So far, the countries taking up 75% of the global economy have introduced hydrogen energy development policies to actively promote the development of hydrogen energy. Among various hydrogen production materials, nano ZrO2（HW-U702） has attracted the attention of scientists.

 

Nano ZrO2 has large specific surface area, high chemical inertness and catalytic activity, which makes ZrO2 Zirconium Oxide Nanopowder an ideal new energy catalyst for hydrogen production. First, nano ZrO2 promotes the decomposition reaction of water molecules by increasing the decomposition potential of water, producing hydrogen and oxygen. Secondly, nano ZrO2 can effectively inhibit the oxidation reaction in the process of hydrogen production, thus improving the production of hydrogen and the purity of the product.

 

Experiment data shows that nano ZrO2 catalyst can achieve efficient water decomposition reaction under mild conditions and produce high purity hydrogen gas. In addition, due to the abundant hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies on the surface of nano ZrO2, these functional groups will adsorb water molecules and decompose them into hydrogen and oxygen, and reduce the byproduct generation in the reaction.

 

The stability and lifetime of the nano ZrO2 catalysts are also of concern. Compared with traditional precious metal catalysts, nano ZrO2 catalyst is more stable and have a longer life. At the same time, the preparation cost of nano ZrO2 catalyst is lower, and the performance can be improved by adjusting the structure and form of nano ZrO2 catalyst, so as to further improve its application in new energy hydrogen production.

 

In general, nano ZrO2 has a wide application prospect in the field of new energy hydrogen production. With the increasing demand for hydrogen energy, we believe that nano ZrO2 catalysts will make greater progress in the future.

 

Hwnanomaterial is a professional manufacturer of nano precious metal powders and their oxides, with reliable and stable product quality and excellent price. Hongwu Nano supplies ZrO2 nanopowder. Welcome to contact us for further information.